Auxiliary verbs
The verbs be, do and have are auxiliary verbs.
BE is used as auxiliary for continuous forms.
Peter is reading a text.
DO is used as auxiliary for negatives and questions in the simple present and the simple past.
Ann doesn't like sports.
Did you watch the movie yesterday?
HAVE is used as auxiliary for the present perfect and past perfect
I haven't watched this film yet.
Exception: the verbs be and have got don't need an auxiliary verb in the negative and in the interrogative forms.
| BE | Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
| Simple present | I am
You are He /she / it is We are You are They are |
I'm not
You are nor = you aren't He/she/ it is not = he isn't We are not = we aren't You are not = you aren't They are not = they aren't |
Am I ?
Are you? Is he / she / it ? Are we? Are you? Are they? |
| Simple past | I was
You were He / she / it was We were You were They were
|
I was not = I wasn't
You were not = you weren't He / she /it was not = he wasn't We were not = we weren't You were not = you weren't They were not = they weren't
|
Was I?
Were you? Was he /she /it ? Were we? Were you? Were they?
|
| Have got | Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
| Simple present | I have got
You have got He /she / it has got We have got You have got They have got
|
I haven't got
You havent't got He/she/ it hasn't got We haven't got You haven't got They haven't got
|
Have I got?
Have you got?? Has he / she / it got? Have we got? Have you got? Have they got?
|
| Simple past | I had got
You had got He / she / it had got We had got You had got They had got
|
I hadn't got
You hadn't got He / she /it hadn't got We hadn't got You hadn't got They hadn't got
|
Had I got?
Had you got? Had he /she / it got? Had we got ? Had you got? Had they got?
|